It's alright, it's alright. Tell me now, is there something called a lepton?

Subho a dit :

It's alright, it's alright. Tell me now, is there something called a lepton?

Well, there is something called a Lepton, and well its fun for me to explain about it bcoz yes, its a quite hard thing to explain but thats what i love about Particle Physics : Simplyfing Complexities


Let us Begin with the Base : THe Standard Model of Particle Physics which contains all the 17 elementary and (known) existing particles from Quarks to Leptons to Gauge Bosons, etc. THe table is like 4x4 + 1 ... I hope your visualizing a picture, coz its important... a 4x4 + 1 .... So there exists 4 rows, 4 colums and 1 element in an additional row and column making it actually 5 rows and 1 mini column but we dont regard it as such... so its 4x4 +1 .....


Now, we move from the 1st column downwards and simultaneously filling it with elementary particles, so 1st row 1 st column :(p) Up quark ; 2nd row 1st column :(p) down quark ; 3rd row 1st column :(g) Electron ; 4th row 1st column : (g) electron neutrino ...... 1st row 2nd column :(p) Charm quark ; [ Henceforth 'r' stands for row, 'c' stands for column] 2 r 2 c ;(p) strange quark ; 3r 2c :(g) muon ; 4r 2c: (g) muon neutrino ....... 1r 3c: (p) top quark ; 2r 3c: (p) Bottom quark ; 3r 3c: (g) Tauon ; 4r 3c: (g) Tau neutrino ........ 1r 4c:(r) gluon ; 2r 4c: (r) photon ; 3r 4c : (r) Do not know the name of this elementary particle.. ; 4r 4c: (r) Do not know of this either. ............. 1r 5c: (y) Higgs Boson.


That was the whole table explained in words, hope you get the image right.. So now if you see closely, i have written something such as (p), (g), (r) and (y). Well these alphabets are the colours which denote p = Purple = Quark ........ g = Green = Lepton .......... r = Red = gauge Bosons ........ y = Yellow = Higgs Boson. Now keep in mind the colour doesnt mean they are red, green or yellow in colour... it means that leptons are coloured green in the Table of standard model of Particle Physics. Similarly for others.

Since you have asked about a lepton let us stick to that and only that : Looking at the table only we can say that Lepton is an elementary particle. They do not experience strong interactions ( that is they do not experience strong nuclear interactions) but the other 3 fundamental forces ( Gravity, Electromagnetism and a weak nuclear force) are experienced. I exactly do not know why do they not undergo strong nuclear interactions but when i know exactly i'll get back to you. Now if you remember, I had written about quarks earlier?? Yes.. this is somewhat similar.. leptons are basically differentiated into 2 types : (a) Charged Leptons (b) Neutral Leptons ;


Looking at the table we see : 6 leptons in all... But lemme tell you in all there exists 12 Leptons in all... i.e bcoz there exists their antiparticles as well... well forget the antiparticle part for now. Lets see what charged leptons and neutral leptons are and whats the difference between them other than their spellings. :)

(a) Charged Leptons : The most famous charge Lepton is the Electron(e-). Alongside the electron, there is Muon ( u- or m-) and Tauon ( T-). Muons and Tauons are more like electron and almost share the same properties but since they are heavier particles they decay into electrons because of a process called Particle delay aka Colour Confinement. What does this mean is that Electrons are the most abundant leptons in the universe and the other leptonic structures have been created in Colliders and in various other places in the Universe.

(b) Neutral Leptons : You may have not heard of them but these particles are quite Fascinating. The Table shows 3 Neutral leptons or neutrinos. The Names of all known Neutrinos are : Electron Neutrino, Muon Neutrino, Tauon Neutrino and their antiparticles, which makes it 6. THese particles are believed to have no real mass or are extremely massless. Another property that could be is that Neutrinos may be their own antiparticle.

Next time i have to teach you things Like : Quantum spin, Pauli exclusion principle, Fermi-dirac stats, Bose - Einstein stats, Quantum numbers and Quantum Mechanic laws and rules to move on which i think i'd be doing on fb. So for now thats it. Hope i helped.

Explain the atomic structure by the viewpoint of orbital by using electronic configuration like 1s^2 2s^2 ... Also a bit about resonating structure and importance(significance of resonating Hybrid)

Regards Aditya Tripathy aka Paduman
sign:-
^_^

First I'll explain atomic structure in terms of Atomic number.. well you know what atomic number is.. i need not explain that but just for my consolation i'll speak that its just the number of electrons surrounding the nucleons or the no. of protons in the nucleons.

Keeping that in mind, Lets take a peak at Henry Moseley's Table of elements... (Now keep in Mind that Mendeleev arranged elements according to atomic mass. whereas Moseley did a better arrangement i.e according to atomic numbers) There are 4 blocks in the periodic table, s-block ( Blocks containing Alkali Metals and Alkaline earth metals i.e bcoz most of them form soluble bases) ; f-block ( the Block with all inner transition metals which are created by either radioactivity *I'll explain that soon later*) ; d - block (Containing transition metals with almost every kind of metals having almost every kind of property) and p-block ( Contains Metals, Non metals and Metalloids as well) now, while im explaining plz keep a well defined picture of Modern periodic table alongside with you.

Lets start with Hydrogen, well the position of H has been a debate for many years but according to Arrangement of E.C. H belongs to s block.. so.. 1st element of s block.. which makes its e.c. 1s^1 ... that means s block element, 1 electron in the 1st shell. Next in line comes Helium He having e.c. 1s^2... which means 2 electrons in 1 shell. (S-block element) ..Now Helium may be over the noble gases which means the p-block but it is considered as a s-block element. This completes the 1st period.

Lithium Li Z=3 and e.c. 1s^2 2s^1 Which can also be written as [He] 2s^1 since1s^2 = He. This means, Lithium's first shell is complete and 2nd shell of period 2 contains 1 electron. Now after Lithium is the element Berylium Be... E.c. is [He] 2s^2 ... i hope you've understood so far.. same thing here group s, 2 period 2nd shell 2 electrons.

Boron B is the first element of p-block, i.e [He] 2s^2 2p^1.. you see the electron has entered the p-orbital as element enters the new block. Keep this in mind. I hope that picture is with you because now you'll need it. So now i'll take any random element from any block. Lets start.

Scandium Sc, the first element of d-block, please keep in mind now that these are transition metals.. ( last 2 shells are incomplete) ... the Noble gas before Sc is Ar (Argon)... therefore i can represent its structure by saying [Ar] 3d^1 4s^2... you can go for the first method as well... but that makes E.C huge, complicated and difficult to keep track of. So from henceforth, I'll represent E.C's using the 2nd method. I hope that's fine.

Well, The E.C for Sc was different... yes thats bcoz of its anomalous electronic configuration (2,8,9,2)... This element is part of d-block but since of its 2 incomplete shells its E.C becomes [Ar] 3d^1 and 4s^2 i.e. 1 electron in d-orbital and 2 in the s-orbital.

Another element is Uranium U, since U belongs to Actinides so Radon is the noble gas before them. Since it belongs to f-block and has 3 incomplete shells it makes its E.C (2,8,18,32,21,9,2)... i.e. [Rn] 5f^3 (3 electrons in f-orbital) 6d^1 ( 1 electron in d-orbital) and 7s^2 (2 electrons in s-orbital)... well i hope this was the answer you needed.


As far as Resonance is concerned, it is just a way of expressing different kind of chemical compounds, ions or formulas that cannot be drawn using only one electron dot and cross structure. Assume a NO2 molecule (Nitrogen Dioxide)... It is bonded to one oxygen by a double bond and another single. Due to this resonance structures arise. Doesnt happen with all molecules though. Resonance may shift the double bond to another Oxygen, or lone pair electrons of Nitrogen may get displaced... 2 resonating structures are formed...

The intermediate (Average) of both the structures is the Resonance Hybrid. Well, I hope this was the answer you were looking for. :)

Question : Why do most people do NOT believe in god ?

Abdeltif a dit :

Question : Why do most people do NOT believe in god ?

Well those most people who do not believe in God are called 'Atheists' .. I have some good atheistic friends too.. and after asking them this question i'd like to convey it to you that..

• 1. When Natural cycles are supernaturally explained and defined by God
See there was a time when Mankind wasn't advanced as much, so many religious leaders at that time were at the pinnacle of human knowledge so they misguided people saying that their sickness was the work of God or demons or so.. and lightning and various other natural phenomena were the work of Gods... but as we advanced we found out the truth.. and what they told us was probably a lie..


• 2. Different religions around the world
Well we both know how The Bible and The Koran describe Creation... well there are other religions too dealing with that.. not all of them are the same right? Due to these indifferences People tend to believe that Science is above God..


• 3. Even if a religion describes things scientifically there will be a shortcoming because of the various translations over the years of that original manuscripts and the ones you have now..

So you see.. these are some of the main reasons atheists and other common people do not believe in God.. but God didn't come for Religion he came for Life, Joy and Togetherness between him and people of Earth.. He loves his people.. Religion wants us to work for God... But for God, we are his followers.. his sons.. why would he want his sons to do that? Hope my answer conveyed most of the things.. if i didn't please let me know.. i took some time to get the answer ready..

If god created everything , who created god ?

According to my knowledge and what i have learnt through the years I will try my best to answer this question, Although it may seem odd to you but this is what i think it is :

Before we begin, I'd just want to convey What is God? Well nobody can just become a God that's certain... so how does one distinguish between God and Man. Well easy, just see some characters that are there in God that aren't in Man. These characters can be said the Attributes of God...

• 1. Eternal - Present Always
• 2. Omnipotent - All powerful
• 3. Omnipresence - Present everywhere
• 4. Omniscience - All knowing

(There are some more, but we wouldn't want to go in that much detail.. these are the most important ones. These truths that i just listed are both mentioned in The Bible and The Koran)

Now that we know what God is like, we go deeper into your question.. God Created us and everything that exists in this whole wide Universe.. Matter, Antimatter everything that exists is a subset of God himself.

Check the first Attribute i wrote, Its 'Eternal'.. the word Eternal means present always.. it simply means that God was present always.. the First Law of Thermodynamics also known as Law of Conservation of Energy states, "Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, It can only be converted from one form to another and the total energy in the universe remains constant." Everything.. EVERYTHING HERE has been derived from God.

Einstein's relativity theory says, we cannot bend space without involving time.. so its obvious now, When Matter itself was created by God... Time started to Flow.. God himself is out of the dimension of Time and Time doesn't affect him simply because he is ETERNAL.. Time doesn't matter to him. remember what i said.. Time doesn't matter to him..

Now if i have created something, It has a cause right? I wouldn't just do it for doing it.. even if it was created for Fun it was Created For 'Fun'.. But in a dimension where time is not even a factor (Where a cause/creation do not Matter) so Im Implying that, God has no need to have been created.. He always existed..

Hope the thing i said was quite clear.. forgive me for the language errors or something and let me know if i can help you again.

Your answer can be used against you winbro, if god always existed , why haven't the world always existed then ? Why would we believe in the eternality of god and not the universe ?

The answer to that question is way , way simpler winbro, it takes 2 phrases :) I'll tell you the answer once we both find ourselves connected :)

Abdeltif a dit :

Your answer can be used against you winbro, if god always existed , why haven't the world always existed then ? Why would we believe in the eternality of god and not the universe ?

The answer to that question is way , way simpler winbro, it takes 2 phrases :) I'll tell you the answer once we both find ourselves connected :)

I fear you're quite wrong.. Or perhaps it was my mistake that i didn't answer it quite well.. God always existed simply because he was 'Eternal'.. The World wasn't ever-existing, it had a cause.. that cause was the spark of God's creation.. when God created something he bended space hence allowing time to flow.. If the Universe was Eternal let me tell you what would happen..

1. All the Cosmos and the Stars and everything created used Hydrogen or Helium as fuel.. If the universe was eternal.. The fuel would never have existed simply because it would have run out.. In Physics we term this as Thermal equilibrium i.e Everything in the system and the surrounding would have reach equal heat levels and heat transfer wouldn't be possible..

2. Half-lives of Matter : Radioactivity says that after some certain time has passed, Heavy atoms shed some energy via radiations through 'alpha particles' and radioactive decay which we both know.. but if the Universe was Eternal wouldn't all heavy radioactive atoms be reduced to smaller stabler atoms? Yes they would.. but this isn't the case here.. We still see radioactivity among all the cosmos.. why is it? Another implication that the Universe wasn't eternal.. although God was..

3. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) doesn't predict the beginning but to some extent predicts the end.. prooving again that the Universe isn't Eternal..

4. The Doppler Effect of Light : I guess you know this but let me go ahead with it.. using Doppler effect we can say whether galaxies around us are closing in or going farther.. Redshift implies that certain galaxy is moving away.. inversely, Blueshift tells us its coming closer.. We have more redshifts than blue implying that galaxies are moving away and the universe is expanding.. but.. IF the universe was eternal wouldn't all the redshifted Galaxies be at an infinite distance from us (Assuming that the Redshift was constant)... e.g. we know time = infinte, because if the universe was eternal like god, infinite has passed away and it doesn't even matter.. We need to find how far are those galaxies, therefore in simpler words we use D= Speed into time.. which gives us D = infinite but D is not infinite.. it can still be measured... This is applicable to Relativistic doppler effect too where.. t= lambda (wavelength of Galaxy light) / C (speed of light) - V (velocity of light) .. .which again gives us lambda = infinite .. if lambda is infinte it means that light wavelength is coming from such an infinite distance that it can't be said where it is from... but we easily see the redshifted galaxy when we use doppler effect in light.. simple..

What i said above simply implies that the Universe couldn't be Eternal like God.. Anything that has a Cause (Like the Universe) simply cannot be eternal.. God doesn't need a cause because in God's dimension, there is no influence of time so a cause and effect doesn't matter.. Its like asking the Time, in a black-hole where Space-time are haywire and crazy..

You see now.. it was actually my mistake.. I didn't answer specifically and yes, we all have different views.. we all are different individuals so we may think differently I hope this answer worked well.. Yes i would love to see you online and we can then discuss again on this interesting topic! Hope to see you soon! :D

The simplest answer for that question was :
God is the creator , and the creator can't be created
Your answer is totally right Winbro ^^ all what you said explains it
But someone can say : Time can be created by god , and is not something that you can compare with god

So the SIMPLEST EVER ANSWER IS :
Can the creator be created ? The obvious question is no, so Who created the creator , is a totally false question ^^
Winbro your answers are smart and good, but sometimes the smartest answer is the most simple, and that's how you convince someone who isn't educated to believe in god ^^

Yes Broabdel, I totally agree to to your point of view entirely.. Asking that question is like A creating a Paradox.. That is the simplest of all and i do not wan't to oppose it in anyway.. But, I would like to point one small thing, (Please don't get me wrong) that could make this answer futile.. which is..

Let's assume that the Big Bang was Real.. Now asking a question like What created the Big Bang [Assuming that Everything was created by it even time, and nothing existed before it.. (Ignore the laws of thermodynamics for just this) is approximately similar to asking Who Created God? isn't it?

Well as Physicists, we are trying to prove Classical and Relativistic Physical laws.. That means taking every question even if its nonsensical into consideration.. We as Physicists have a Paradigm i.e a Framework of Reference and Thinking.. We verify if natural phenomena are fitting in this and then we accept them scientifically.. But Paradoxes are entirely opposites and cannot be solved the Paradigm way.. Just ruling out the question of what created the Big bang just because the Big Bang created everything.. isn't what the world wants...

Well, that is why i have given such an elaborate answer, trying to convey each and every point that needs to be considered.. And I agree it may be stupid that i did that but if you look deeper into both the answers you'll figure out why i wrote it so big and tried to convey many things straight from the foundation, in a way, it can be said that both my answers convey that point in a mediocre way.

I agree with your way of thinking, It's a totally good way of solving problems as a physicist :).

Hey, don't let me ask all the questions ! Give me one ! :)

Abdeltif a dit :

I agree with your way of thinking, It's a totally good way of solving problems as a physicist :).

Hey, don't let me ask all the questions ! Give me one ! :)

Thanks Broabdel, Well I do not know much about this topic and I'd appreciate a lot of help from you if you could help me with it... I have been wondering after our first meeting and dialogue.. How does our Brain actually work?

If possible try and convey everything about it.. but its okay if uses a lot of time.. in that case just tell me the more significant part behind my question.. any way will do.. Thanks Broabdel!

Winjid a dit :

Abdeltif a dit :VoirMasquer

I agree with your way of thinking, It's a totally good way of solving problems as a physicist :).

Hey, don't let me ask all the questions ! Give me one ! :)

Thanks Broabdel, Well I do not know much about this topic and I'd appreciate a lot of help from you if you could help me with it... I have been wondering after our first meeting and dialogue.. How does our Brain actually work?

If possible try and convey everything about it.. but its okay if uses a lot of time.. in that case just tell me the more significant part behind my question.. any way will do.. Thanks Broabdel!

That question won't take long to answer because nobody still knows , but here are the basic facts and things we know of :

* The brain is formed of billions of neurons resulting in trillions of synapses between them, for simply raising your hand with will, the motor part with your brain is activated from the conscious part, and the motor part calculates the speed, intensity and the distance your hand will move, if you will grab an apple it that part will calculate the strength of the grab, and then it operates sending signals to the arm in a chronological way to grab that apple. All of this happen in a split second in just one simple task , and is controlled by a part of our brain. And By all that said I'm explaining that the synapses needed for such a simple task can be countless and by controlling means that 1 neuron can result to the activation of thousands others.
* The brain is classified to different areas, but all those areas are connected together, most logical areas dominate in the left hemisphere of the brain and most creative areas dominate in the right hemisphere of the brain. We also know that the prefrontal cortex (situated in the most front of the brain) is responsible for planning and the frontal cortex( the front part of the brain as a whole) is more used in logical reasoning, visualisation of objects (rotating objects, analysing them in your brain) and many complex logic problems.
* It is commonly said that the left brain hemisphere controls your right arm and right foot, and vice versa in the right brain hemisphere , so if you love your right hand so much, thank your left brain for it. NOTE : This isn't entirely true.
* Sleeping results in the loss of consciousness and focus, the hyperactivity of the hippocampus which stores your memory at night ( That's why studying before sleeping is perfect for tests ) and in REM stage ( Rapid Eye Movement ) the dreams you see.
It's a theory that 95% of your dreams are forgotten when you wake up, unless you make sure to write them down.
* Neuron genesis in the brain ( I think it's called like that ) is the development of new neurons in the brain, this phenomena is most commonly seen in the hippocampus ( the "tool" part made for memory regulations and storage ) but it's also very common in children and adolescents. Neuron genesis exists whatever was your age, it's only common in young humans. The genesis can be REINFORCED when activating a certain part of your brain . So if you imagine, expect yourself to be better on it next time, if you logically think, you will be better next , that's why IQ tests are ALWAYS FALSE how accurate they were, because when you pass them, your brain will grow .
* The more interconnected your brain is the smartest you are, basically if you think with logic AND imagination, you're pretty much the most accurate problem solver you know, It's said Einstein has both his hemispheres very interconnected because he used to play the violin, and It makes sense, playing the violin requires Imagination, auditive comprehension, logical thinking and hand coordination.


This is most of what I know in the brain, but there are a lot of other brain facts either non-complete or COMPLETELY BLANK and UNDISCOVERED
There is so much in the brain you need a documentary to explain it , and that's how complex but useful things god has showed their importance.
I'm sorry Winbro I can't say everything , there's the reward system in the brain which is activated with sexual appeals , food or accomplishing goals and it's a wider area as some rewarding things are less durative than the others ( ex : Sugar's good taste will fade away quickly but the happiness of your son graduating will last for even months or years.) and it's based on dopamine, the good feeling chemical. There's also the fear part which I forgot it's name.

Well, from a scientific perspective, we need a documentary to hold everything the brain does , but for the simplest of all , your brain is you .
I hope I gave you a simple glance about the brain, I gave you everything analysed by specialists in neuroscience .

Thank you so much! There were many many things here i didn't know about and its great that i got to know so many things about the driving force about our human body.. Really, I thank you for your help, time and effort you've put here.

My turn to ask !
What are the quantum rules already discovered / proven and what do they insist of ?

Quantum Physics now has become quite a vast subject to speak upon but I will try my level best to convey the very point you've asked.. (I tend to go off topic sometimes but that's only for the explanation.. forgive me if i do that) Now, I need to just state somethings unsettling me about your question..

First of all, There are no such things as Quantum rules and Laws.. there are theories, ideas, interpretations and principles.. We as science enthusiasts know the basic difference between a Law and a Theory.. A Law is a final word.. Its true to the core and verified countless times.. THere is a very less probability that a law could be wrong because its not only been verified by that law proposer but also other countless scientists of the board.. they take minutest facts into consideration.. Since Quantum Physics just came into existence quite recently (1915s) and its Ideas and theories even much later.. no such set of 'laws' governing Quantum Physics has been made... BUT that's not it.... Now since you understand what the basic thing is we can dig deeper...

Let me tell you, I know my answers get huge and boring.. But i do it for a reason... My teacher once brought a 'small' book covering everything about Force.. (I don't know how much pages :P)... My sir read it, but understood quite a few... you see when the book is compressed, the data becomes quite inaccurate and complex to show... A bigger book (Which my sir actually brought later) conveys things lucidly and much simpler... I believe this too... My answers are big because they convey the very fact from the base... from its foundation making it pleasing to science enthusiasts as well as people new to the subject (those who are willing to learn and read, of course).. Well that was it, Here we go actually...

Quantum Physics simply is nothing but the physics of the very minute and small.... that's because all of its effects come into notice at the atomic and sub-atomic scale.. Classical physics also called as Newtonian Physics is the normal physics you've studied in school.. dealing with objects and forces at observable levels... Classical Physics has laws defining them.. but these laws are almost useless at the quantum scale...

That was QP but now what are its ideas, interpretations as i mentioned earlier? These things which im about to briefly describe, are the heart of QP... First of all, We all know this :D, and one of the best simplest Quantum ideas put forth by our favourite himself... Einstein's Photoelectric effect!! yay! :D (I had to mention this first as respect for Sir Albert Einstein)

Photoelectric effect is simply nothing but the emission of energized electrons from the surface of metals when we expose them to electromagnetic radiation (that's Light of some frequency).....easy isn't it? it just means, the energy we supply through EM radiation is absorbed by electrons breaking them free from interatomic nuclear force and their orbits... Wait a second? does that mean.. Any light can do this?... NOpe :P, Light of only certain frequency.. (i'll explain this how much later mathematically here itself)... You know who solved this problem and provided a solution to this too, during his time? none other than Albert Sir himself! He inferred that, electrons were not energized by light itself.. but particles of light having specific frequency.. before this no one must have known that Light was quantized (made up of small particles called 'Photons') .. .Sir Albert's illuminating (:P) idea actually showed and depicted the particle nature of Light and hence Quantization of Light.. This is now at the heart of Quantum physics..

Now due to this there was major problems.. During Sir Albert's time, everyone believed Light was just a wave... Sir Albert revolutionized that thinking of theirs.. Wait.. now what? Light is a wave.. Light is a particle? What is Light... let me solve that for you xD, Light is both... Its dual natured.. this property of Light in Quantum Physics came to be known as Wave-Particle duality.. that means at various situations, Light would behave as particles and other times as Wave... but interestingly never ever ever both... :/ Its particle nature as described earlier through Photoelectric effect, depicted many times its behaviour as particles i.e photons.. and we all know Light's wave nature through our school science studies of Reflection, Refraction.. xD.... although this duality sounded funny at that time.. it was true and it was confirmed through a double slit experiment where both natures of light were confirmed.. but not present at the same time..

This actually came as a shock.. Light was confirmed to be both.. but you know the procedures of the board.. there was no Mathematical model... showing both Light as wave and Particle.. what a letdown... Don't lose hope yet, I decided to help them somehow.. so I miraculously went back in time and told De Broglie on how to present it.. and so did he... :P (Lol, don't take that seriously at all, I tried to make it a little humorous, No offence to Sir De Broglie in any way) so De Broglie came up with that idea himself and actually presented a mathematical model explaining both Photoelectric effect and Wave-Particle duality mathematically.. but not only that Sir De Broglie's work created a huge scope of studies in Quantum Physics for the future.... His work basically said that particles like electrons are carried by a wave... lets say : x is the wavelength so,


x= h/mv * (multiplied by under the root whole) 1-v^2/c^2 .... where h is planck's constant (its just a constant), m is the mass of that particle (electron in this case), v is the velocity of that particle and c is the speed of light.. DBg's model also confirmed electronic diffraction and the Electron microscope works on this principle :D..

DBG's model implied particles to exhibit wave-like properties, but there was only one drawback... which Erwin Schrodinger (The one who proposed Schrodinger's cat interpretation and is the sourcce of all quantum physics jokes :P) conveyed and cleared through his equation we call 'Schrodinger Wave equation' ... This equation is a partial differential equation and hard for me to type so I'd advise you to look it up.. but basically what that equation predicts is.. if there is a given wavefunction(a system of quantum particles under consideration) that describes a quantum state, then the equation describes the changes in the same quantum state over time given that it remains isolated... (The terms are a little difficult to understand, if you search it up and need explanation on it.. just pm me... I'll explain in message with images.. loading images here makes it unnecessarily big and i'm already exhausted typing this much :P)

With this cleared, one more thing came into play in QP.. possibly the best Quantum interpretation till date.. the Copenhagen interpretation.. it states about behaviour of wavefunctions.. if a wavefunction stretches over time, its position is diffused in space.. but if you try to localize it in one place, it collapses due to various interference from other states... what this indirectly and philosophically meant was, you cannot have 2 things at a same time.. This interpretation actually gave birth to the best, most used, widely known quantum principle of all...


which is Sir Heisenberg's uncertainty principle...which states that the more accurately you measure the position of a particle in the quantum system, the less accurately you know its wavelength, and the same in the reverse.... Imagine a particle emitting wavefronts from all positions.. the more harder i try to restrain that particle to a position.. the more harder it becomes for me to detect its wavelength.. that my brother is what Heisenberg tried to point out... Uncertainty! You can't have both things the same time..

What I've mentioned above.. to this day govern and are revered... they are not rules/laws but are the very reason Quantum physics exist... these things (Ideas, interpretations. principles, theories) insist nothing but considering the very small.. Neils' bohr correspondence principle states that these small quantum things cannot be ignored and are so true that they actually resemble the classical world by just a mathematical limit of huge quantum numbers (Quantum numbers are nothing but measurements used at the quantum scale and are of 4 types.. but i won't explain them here as they actually come partly under something called particle physics which I'm actually aspiring to be.. I will gladly talk about it later next time)...


Quantum Physics although known by quite a few.. defines the world we live in.. Its applications so much... Just recently, Sir Hawking used Quantum physics and relativity to explain something called Black-hole radiations.. You see, QP insists that we as advanced human beings, don't accept things as they are.. it encourages.. nah, it actually demands that we see things in a new way.. I don't think any other physics or study probably does this so nicely..


I had a great time revising all that i typed and conveying things i loved the most to someone i believe is so equal to me... I hope you had a great time reading all of this..

(Many things i haven't mentioned i.e. : The four types of quantum numbers, Bosons and Fermions, Pauli exclusion principle, Degeneracy of Atoms, Entanglement of particles, Schrodinger's cat interpretation, Various other quantum interpretations... although these fall under Quantum physics i don't think i can convey it all .. If needed I will gladly speak about this too)

I feel enlighted after I read all that
It's partially a history lesson but I don't mind it :D
Thanks For the Deep explanations, I know every answer comes with a question but this time I'll keep you from writing a whole other page about the quantum numbers, but I admire your work there winbro!
Thanks for the explanation (specially for the light wave/particle problem) !